Audio, Text, Image, and Video Digital Watermarking Techniques for Security of Media Digital

The proliferation of multimedia content as digital media assets, encompassing audio, text, images, and video, has led to increased risks of unauthorized usage and copyright infringement. Online piracy serves as a prominent example of such misuse. To address these challenges, watermarking techniques have been developed to protect the copyright of digital media while maintaining the integrity of the underlying content. Key characteristics evaluated in watermarking methods include capability, privacy, toughness, and invisibility, with robustness playing a crucial role. This paper presents a comparative analysis of digital watermarking methods, highlighting the superior security and effective watermark image recovery offered by singular value decomposition. The research community has shown significant interest in watermarking, resulting in the development of various methods in both the spatial and transform domains. Transform domain approaches such as Discrete Cosine Transform, Discrete Wavelet Transform, and Singular Value Decomposition, along with their interconnections, have been explored to enhance the effectiveness of digital watermarking methods